ื‘ืœื•ื’

ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืคื™ืชื•ื ื•ืžืกืข ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™

ื“ื ื™ืืœื” ื”ื“ืกื™
ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ืฉื—ืœืฃ ืžืื– ืคื ื™ืชื™ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™-ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื‘ื™"ื— ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื ื™ื™ื“ืจ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื•ื‘ื‘ื™"ื— ื”ืœืœ ื™ืคื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจื”. ืœืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื™ ื”ื“ืจืžื”-ืชืจืคื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ืขืกืงืช ื‘ื‘ื™"ื—. ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื–ื” ืื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืžื™ื˜ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืืฉืคื•ื–ื ืขื ื‘ื•ื‘ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื ืžื•ืชืืžืช, ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืฉืžืคื ื” ืืœื™ื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœื”ื ื‘ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื—ืœืงื ืžืื™ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืชืœื•ืช. ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืืชื™ ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืœื”ื ื—ื‘ืจ ืื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื ื™-ื“ืžื•ืชื, ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืคื™ื’ ืœืฉืขื” ืงืœื” ืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืฆื‘ ืขืงื‘ ื”ื ื™ืชื•ืง ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ืื™-ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื”, ื”ื—ืจื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ืื‘ื™ื.

ืื ื™ ืžืจืฆื” ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ื ืขื™ืกื•ืงื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื˜ืจืื•ืžื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ื–ืžื ืชื™ ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื ืฉืœื—ืชื™ ืข"ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืฉืœื™ื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืจืชืงื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื.

ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ืžื•ืช ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, ื”ื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืฆื‘ืจืชื™ ื•ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื™ ืžื”ืžืกืขื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื‘. ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืœืงืช ื›ืืŸ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืื ื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช, ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื›ื ื”ืืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืœืงืจืืช ืคืจืกื•ืžื•. ื’ื™ื•ืก ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื”ืคืงืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ ืœืฉืชืฃ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืจื’ืขื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืจื’ืฉื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื“ืจืžื” ื•ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื.
ื“ื ื™ืืœื” ื”ื“ืกื™danielah47@gmail.com

ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2014, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื ื™ื™ื“ืจ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืช"ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืฉื™ืขื•ืœ ืžืฆื™ืง ืœื™. ื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ืืฆืœ ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืง ืื•ืชื™, ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืืžืจ "ื›ื ืจืื” ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื•ื™ืจืืœื™... ื™ื™ืขืœื ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ื..." ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืจื“ื ื™ ืœื ืขื•ื‘ืจ. ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืขื™ื™ืคื” ื•ื—ืœืฉื”. ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ื›ื“ืจืžื” ืชืจืคื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืœื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื—ื“ืจื™ื ืขื ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืงืฉื™ื.

ื–ื”ื• ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื’ืจืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™"ื— ืฉื ื™ื™ื“ืจ. ืื—ืช ืžื”ืžื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืืช ืกื‘ื‘ ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืžืื•ืฉืคื–ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืคื ื” ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ืื ื™ ืžื•ืคื ื™ืช ืœื—ื“ืจ 6, ืฆื•ืขื“ืช ื›ืžื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื ื”ืขื’ืœื” ืฉืœื™ ืฉื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืขื’ืœืช ืฉื•ืง ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช. ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืื ื™ ืคื•ื’ืฉืช ืืช ืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืช ื”ืฉืฉ ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืืจ.

ืžื™ื›ืœ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ืฆ'ื™ืงื• ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ ืฉืœื™ ื•ืชื•ืš ื“ืงื”-ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืžื ื”ืœืช ืึดืชื• ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขืจื”. ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ืึดืžื”ึผ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืœืจื’ืข ืžื”ื—ื“ืจ, ื•ืื ื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืชืขืœ-ืœื”ืฉืชื ืง ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžืกึตื›ื”. ืฆ'ื™ืงื• ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื—ืช ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ืืœ ืžื™ื›ืœ ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื” ืืœื™ื•. ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืœ ืžืชื—ื–ืง ื•ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ืื ื™ ื—ืฉื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ... ืขื•ื“ ืจื’ืข ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื™ื—ื ืง ืžื•ืœ ืžื™ื›ืœ. ืœืžื–ืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืฉืžื” ืœื‘ ืœืžืฆื•ืงื” ื”ื›ืคื•ืœื” ืฉืœื™ – ืžืฆื•ืงืช ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื•ืžืฆื•ืงืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื”. ืžื‘ึผื—ื™ื ืชื” ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ - ื”ื™ื ืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉืœื” ืขื ืฆ'ื™ืงื• ืฉืžื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ ื•ืžืชึทืงืฉืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืื ื™ ื ืœื—ืžืช ืขืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื•ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ืฆ'ื™ืงื•...(ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘)

ืื ื™ ืžืขื™ืคื” ืžื‘ื˜ ืœืžืกื“ืจื•ืŸ. ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ืŸ ืžืจื’ื™ืขื” ืื•ืชื™. ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืื ืืชืขืœืฃ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ืฆื™ืœ ืื•ืชื™, ืื ื™ ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ืื ื™ "ืฉืชื•ืœื”" ื‘ื›ื™ืกื ืœืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืงื•ื, ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื ืœื™ ืงื•ืœ ืžืจื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืขื•ืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ. ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืฉืจ ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืึตื™ืžื”. ืื ื™ ื ืคืจื“ืช ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืžืžื™ื›ืœ ืขื ื”ื ื”ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆ'ื™ืงื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืกืžืŸ ืœื” ืฉืœื•ื ืขื ื”ื™ื“.. ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืงื•ืœ. ืœื•ืงื—ืช ื›ืžื” ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืช, ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืงื•ื ืžื”ื›ื™ืกื, ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ืฆ'ื™ืงื• ืœืชื™ืง. ืื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืืคื™ืกืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืœื—ื“ืจ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ื ืจื’ืขืช ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœื ืฉื™ืžื” ืกื“ื™ืจื”. 

ืื ื™ ืžืกืคืจืช ืœืื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืœื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•. ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืื•ืชื™ ื•ืื•ืžืจืช "ืืช ืœื ื–ื–ื” ืžื›ืืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื ืžืฆื ืจื•ืคื ืฉื™ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื•ืชืš". ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœื—ื“ืจ ืคืจื•ืค' ืื•ืจืŸ. ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืžืžื ื™ ืœืชืืจ ืžื” ืงืจื”, ื•ืื ื™ ืžืกืคืจืช ืœื” ืขืœ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ื ืง ื•ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืœ ืฉืœื ืขื•ื–ื‘ ืื•ืชื™... ืชื•ืš ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื ื—ืจืฆื•ืช: "ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืฉืขืœืช, ืกืขื™ ืžื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”. ืงื—ื™ ืžืจืฉื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื›ื•ืœื›ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื”. ื”ื™ืฉืืจื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื ื•ื—ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช". ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœืžื™ื ื ืฉืืจืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื—ืœืฉื” ื•ืžื•ืชืฉืช, ืชืงื•ืคื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืœื•ื•ืจืงื•ื”ื•ืœื™ืช ืฉื›ืžื•ื ื™. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืื ื™ ืžื•ื“ื” ืœืฆ'ื™ืงื• ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ ืฉืœื™ ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืงื•ืœ ื’ื ื›ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ, ืขืœ ืฉื”ื›ื™ืœ ืืช ืžื™ื›ืœ ื•ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ืืคืฉืจื™ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื—ึถื ึถืง, ืื™ืŸ-ืื•ื ื™ื ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ. ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืชื•ื‘ื ื”: ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื–ื”.

2012 ื‘ื™"ื— ืฉื ื™ื™ื“ืจ, ืช"ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืื ื™ ืžื•ืคื ื™ืช ืœืžื—ืœืงื” ื”ืื•ื ืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืืฉืคื•ื– ืžืžื•ืฉืš ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืชืœืช ืžื— ืขืฆื. ืชื•ื ืกื•ื‘ืœ ืžืžื—ืœื” ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื—ืจื™ืคื”, ื•ื”ื”ืฉืชืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืื•ืชื•. ืชื•ื ืกื•ื‘ืœ ืžื ืชืงื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ืžืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ืงื•ื’ื ื™ืฆื™ื” ื•ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืงืจื” ืชื•ืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื... ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉืคื•ื– ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืืœื™ื• ืขื ืฆ'ื™ืงื• ื›ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืื”. ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืื”ื‘ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืฆ'ื™ืงื•. ื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื’ื ื”ืจืื™ื™ื” ื ืคื’ืฉื” ื•ืชื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืฆ'ื™ืงื•. ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืื‘ืœ ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืงื•ืœ... ืกื•ืคืกื•ืฃ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื• ื™ืœื“. ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื™ื™ืš ืœืขืฆืžื•.

ืฆ'ื™ืงื• ืžื–ื“ื”ื” ื‘ืฉืžื• ื•ืžื™ื“ ืื•ืžืจ: "ื’ื ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืื” ื˜ื•ื‘..." ืื ื™ ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื• ืœืžืฉืฉ ืื•ืชื•. ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื™ื™ืš ื•ืžืจื•ืฆื” ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื•, ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืžื•ืจืฉื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื—ื“ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืชืœืช ืžื— ืขืฆื. ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืœื• ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ื•ื‘ืช ื›ืคืคื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืงื— ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื”, ืžืžืฉืฉ ืื•ืชื” ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื”, ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื” ืงื•ืœ. ื”ื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืงืฆืช ืžื—ืงื” ืื•ืชื™... ื•ื ื•ืฆืจ ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ืžืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ. ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืคื ื•ื™ ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘. ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื•ืคืชืื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืœืกืคืจ ื•ืœืฉืœื•ืฃ ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžืฆื™ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื‘ืœึทื‘ึผึธื”.. ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื‘ืŸ ืื—ืœืžื”.. ื—ืฉืฃ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ ืœื™ืœื“ ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•. 

ืชื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื•ืœื• ื™ืœื“, ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ืฆ'ื™ืงื•, ื•ื–ื” ื ื•ืจื ืžืฉืžื— ืื•ืชื•, ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆ'ื™ืงื•... ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš... ื•ืฆ'ื™ืงื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ืื™ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจ. ื ื•ืฆืจ ืขืจื•ืฅ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื–ื•ืจื, ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืฆ'ื™ืงื• ื•ืžืงืฉื™ื‘, ื—ื™ ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ื–ื”... ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื” ืฉืœืžื” ื›ื–ื• ืขื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืื•ืฉืจ. ื•ืชื•ื ืฆื•ื—ืง ื•ืฉืžื— ื•ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ืฆ'ื™ืงื•... ื•ื–ื” ืžืจื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืึดืชื• ืงืฉืจ. ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ืคืจื“ ืื ื• ืžืกื›ืžื™ื ืฉื ื™ืคื’ืฉ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื‘ื... ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืฉืชื™ื›ืฃ ื ื™ืคืจื“ ืชื•ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื›ื‘ื”, ืคื ื™ื• ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื”ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืคืืชื™, ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ื›ื‘ื” ื‘ื›ืคืชื•ืจ. ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ: "ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ืœืš". ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืขืฆื•ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ื ืงืจืข ืœื™ ื”ืœื‘. ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืชืื‘ืœ ื•ืงืžืœ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื•, ืจืงื“ ื•ืงืคืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื”.

ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืžื—ื“ืจื• ืฉืœ ืชื•ื. ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืขืžื“ื• ื”ืื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช ื•ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื”, ื ืจื’ืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื”. ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืื™ืš ืจืื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื“ืœืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืกื’ื•ืจื”. ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ื ืฆืคื• ื‘ื ื• ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื“ืœืช. ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉื”ืชืžื•ื’ื’ื• ืžื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืชื•ื ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืœื” ืงืฉื” ื•ื ื“ื™ืจ ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืชืงืฉื” ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืืชื•. ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืฉื•ืืœ ืžืชื™ ืื’ื™ืข ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืื ื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื•ืข (ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืจืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ื—). ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืชื“ื”ืžื” ื•ื–ืขื – ืื™ืš ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืื’ื™ืข ืœืชื•ื ืจืง ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื•ืข??? ื”ื•ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื–ื• ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืฉืจืื” ืืช ืชื•ื "ื—ื™" ื•ืžื’ื™ื‘ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื–ื•. ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ: ืื ื™ ื’ืจื” ื‘ืจืงืคืช (ื›-120 ืง"ืž ืžืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™"ื— ืฉื ื™ื™ื“ืจ) ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืจืฆื•ืคื™ื ื•ื™ืฉื ื” ื‘ืช"ื, ืžืฉืื™ืจื” ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื™ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืขื ืื‘ื™ื”ื. ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชื ืฆืœ ืœืžื” ืื ื™ ืœื ื ืžืฆืืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื... ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืชื ืฆืœืช…(ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืชื ืฆืœืช: ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื” ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืฉืื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืงื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื... ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืคืจื“ ื›ื™ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ื™ืฉืืจ ืื™ืชื ...)

ืขืœ ืงืฆื” ื”ืžื–ืœื’ - ืจืงืข ืชืื•ืจื˜ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื•ื‘ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื 

ื—ืœืง ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ื›ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘ื‘ื™"ื— ื”ื•ื ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืกึถื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžื”ืจ, ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืš ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืื™ื–ื• ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ืื ื™ ื ื›ื ืกืช. ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื™ ืžืจื’ืข ื›ื ื™ืกืชื™ ืœื—ื“ืจ ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืจื’ืขื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืื”ื™ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ "ื‘ืคื ื™ื", ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื”, ืžื’ื•ื™ืกืช ื•ืจืชื•ืžื” ื›ืœ ื›ื•ืœื™ ืœื™ืœื“ ื”ื—ื•ืœื”. ืื ื™ ื ื“ืจืฉืช "ืœืชืจื’ื" ืžื™ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืงื•ืœื˜ืช ืœืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืชืฉืžื™ืข ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžืชืืจืช ื‘ื“ืžื•ืชื” ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ืช ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื•ืชื•ืš ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืฆืจืช ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช.. ื”ื™ืœื“ ืžื•ืกื˜ ืžื”ืคื—ื“ ืžื”ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืชืžืกืจ ืœื‘ื•ื‘ื”, ืœืงื•ืœ, ืœืฆื—ื•ืง... ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื•.

ืžื™ ืฉื ื™ื—ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ื™ืจ, ื‘ืขืœืช ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืœืกื•ืคืจืช ื•ื›ื•'. ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืžื™ ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ??? ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืจ... ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœืื—ื•ืจ, ื’ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ืœืง ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืจ ื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ "ืขืœ ื”ืชืคืจ": ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ืชื›ื ื™ื ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื, ืคื—ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ืœืฉืขืฉืข ื•ืชื• ืœื. ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืœืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืœืช ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ืขื ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืจืงืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืฉืขืžื” ื ื•ืœื“ืชื™.

ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื™ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืงื•- (=ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ), ืฉืœ "ื”ืฉืœื›ืช ื”ืงื•ืœ". ื‘ืืฃ ืชืจืคื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืื—ืจืช ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืชืงืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“. ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืœ ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“. ืื ื™ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืžืื•ื“ ืœื™ืœื“ื” ืฉื‘ื™, ืœื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื™. ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื˜ื•ืคืœืชื™ ืข"ื™ ืจื•ืคืื” ื”ื•ืžืื•ืคืชื™ืช ืฉืืžืจื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ (ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื) ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžื ื˜ืœื™ ืฉืœื™ – ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื” ืฉื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื—ืœืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื (ืฉืขืœืช)... 

ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื ื™ืฉ ืฆื“ ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืœื™ืฆื ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ื•ืืช ืขื•ืœื ืžืฉื—ืง, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืขื•ืฆืžื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช. ื›ืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืงืจื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื• - ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช, ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ื˜ืขื™ื™ื” (Trial and error). ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืžืจืชืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื• ื”ื”ืคืชืขื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ื“ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื ืขื ื‘ื•ื‘ื”, ืžื”ื›ืœื™ ื™ื•ืฆื ื”ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื”ื–ื”.

ืื•ื’ื“ืŸ (1992) ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ืชื›ื ื™ื ื ืคืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™-ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืœืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื, ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื˜ืคืœ "ื™ืคื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืงืฆืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ". ืืฉืคื•ื– ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื ืฉืงืคืช ืกื›ื ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื•, ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžื–ืžึตืŸ ืชื›ื ื™ื "ื‘ืœืชื™-ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื" ืœื™ืœื“ ื•ืœืžืฉืคื—ืชื•. 

ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื›ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืœืงื™ื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื˜ืคืœื•ืช ื”ืžืจืื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขื ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื”ื—ืจื“ื” – ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื›ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืืš ื’ื ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœื• Cohen, Mannarino & Deblinger,) (2006. ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืขืฆื•ื, ื•ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื• ืจื‘. 

ืื—ืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ืจืื•ืžื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช ืื• ืชืฉื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื‘ื’ืจืกืชืŸ ื”"ืจื›ื”" ื™ื•ืชืจ – ื”ืฆืคื” ื‘ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื—ืจื“ื” ืื• ืงื”ื•ืช ืจื’ืฉื™ืช (Figley, 1995). ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืืœื” ื™ื•ืคื™ืขื• ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื (Regher et al., 2004). 

ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื“ืจืžื” ืชืจืคื™ื” ืขื ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืืœื•, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื—ื“ ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืฉื›ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื—ืจื•ื’ ืžื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ืืœ ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ืกื•ืจื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื ื•ืขื–ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืืฆืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื ืงื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉื›ื™ื— ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ื–ื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”"ืื ื™" ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืชื›ื ื™ื ื ืคืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื“ื—ืคื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื”"ืจื’ื™ืœ" ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืคื™ ืฆื• ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืจื’ืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื“ื—ืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื’ื•ืœืžื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืžื•ื—ืฆื ื™ื ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืชื•ืš-ื ืคืฉื™ื™ื ื•ืฆืคื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื ืœืžืคืขื™ืœื”ึผ ื›ืš ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืืžืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืคืขื™ืœื” (ื“ืกื”-ืžืกื”, 2004). 

ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืจื“ื•ืงืกืœื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืกื•ืจื™ืืœื™ื–ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื ืžืงื ื” ืœื”ืŸ ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื•ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ื”ื›ืœื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ื‘ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื ืžืขื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืขื–ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื ืชื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขึดืžื” ืœืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื•.

2003, ืืจื”"ื‘

ืื ื™ ืžื•ื–ืžื ืช ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื›ื ืก ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืœืืก ื•ื’ืืก ืืจื”"ื‘. ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืœืื—ื•ืจ, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืžื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืคื ื™ื™, ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื ืœื—ืฆืช ืื• ืžื•ื•ืชืจืช... ื”ืื•ึผืœื ืžืœื ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื‘ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. 

ืื™ืš ืืฆืœื™ื— ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื›ื–ื”? ืื™ืŸ ื‘ึผืจึตืจื”... ืื ื™ ืžืชืขืฉืชืช ื•ืžืกืคืจืช ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ื›ืคื™ืชื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืœื ื›ื™ื. ื—ืฉื” ื‘ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืžืขื•ืจืจืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ืœืจืชื•ื ืืช ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ื ื™ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ื–ืืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื ืื•ืžื ื™ื-ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื. ื‘ื›ื ืก ืื ื™ ืžืชื•ื•ื“ืขืช ืœื›ื™ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืœืื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ืžื™ื, ื”ื "ืžืฉืœื™ื›ื™ื" ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื™ืคื” ืืช ืงื•ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืื•ื–ื™ืช ื•ื›ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ื•ืื•ืชื™. 

ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžื•ืงืคืช ืงื•ืœื’ื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื ื™ืช, ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื” ื›ืคื™ืชื•ื. ืฉื™ืชืคืชื™ ืืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžืกื™ืคื•ืจึตื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœื™ ื•ื–ื›ื™ืชื™ ืœืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืช. ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื™ื’ืฉื• ืืœื™ื™ ื•ืืžืจื• ืœื™ "ืœื ื ืฉื›ื— ืื•ืชืš ืœืขื•ืœื..." ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื ืคืชื— ื‘ืคื ื™ื™. ืฉื, ื‘ืœืืก ื•ื’ืืก, ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื™. ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ื—ื™ืžืžื” ืืช ืœื‘ึผื™ ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.

2007, ื™ืคืŸ

ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ื—ืœืคื• ืžืื– ื›ื ืก ื”ืคื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืœืืก ื•ื’ืืก. ื‘ื›ื ืก ื ื•ืฆืจ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ืืงืฉื™ ืื™ื™ืงื™ื“ื”, ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืคืŸ, ื•ืืฉืชื• ืฉื•. ื˜ืืงืฉื™ ืงื™ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจื•ืค' ืžื™ืฆ'ื™ืงื• ื”ืจื” ืžื™ืคืŸ, ืจื•ืคืื” ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืงืฉื‘ ื•ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืขื ืชืกืžื•ื ืช ื“ืื•ืŸ, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช. ืžืื– ื”ืคื›ื” ืคืจื•ืค' ื”ืจื” ืœืงื•ืœื’ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” ื”ืงื™ืžื” ื”ืจื” ืืช JPTA Japanese Puppet) (Therapy Assoiation ืฉื‘ื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื ืฉื™ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื™ืœื“ื™ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื”ืจื” ืžื–ืžื™ื ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจืฆื” ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ื›ื ืก ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืคืŸ ืขืœ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืคืช ืืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ื›ืคื™ืชื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. 

ืœื ืกื™ืขื” ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ื˜ืœ ื‘ืŸ-ื–ื•ื’ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืืช ื™ืคืŸ, ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื” ื•ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื”… ื›ืืŸ ืื–ื›ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืขื ื™ืคืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื’ ืœืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืช"ื. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื™ ืœืชื•ืืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืคื ื™ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืฉื—ืง - ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืืช ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•, ื”ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื•ื ืจืงื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ืคื ื™. ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื“ืžื™ื™ื ืชื™ ืฉื”ืจืงืข ืฉืจื›ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืคื ื™ ื™ืกื™ื™ืข ืœื™ ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ืคื ื™ืช ื•ื™ืคืชื— ื‘ืคื ื™ื™ ื“ืœืชื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื–ื•.

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื–ืžื ืชื™ ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื›ื ืก ื”ืคื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ื”ื™ืคื ื™ JVA ืฉื‘ืจืืฉื• ืขื•ืžื“ ื˜ืืงืฉื™. ืœื›ื ืก ื”ื•ื–ืžื ื• ืคืจืคื•ืจืžืจื™ื ืขื ืงื™ื ืžืืจื”"ื‘ ื›ืžื• ืžืœื•ืจื™ ืœื•ืื™ืก, ื•ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืžื ื™ ื ื›ื—ื• ื‘ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืคื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ื›ื ืจืื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ. ื‘ื˜ื•ืงื™ื• ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืœื’ื•ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™. 

ื’ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื–ืžื ืชื™ ืœื™ืคืŸ ืœื”ืจืฆื•ืช ื•ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ. ื”ืคืจื•ืค' ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืชื ื”ืœ ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ืคืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฉืœื—ื” ื”ื–ืžื ื” ื–ื•ื’ื™ืช ื•ื“ืื’ื” ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืœื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืงืœื™ื™ืจ, ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื•ืชื™ืงื” ืฉื”ืชืœื•ื•ืชื” ืืœื™ื™. ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจื•ืค' ืœื‘ื™ื ื™ ืงืฉืจ ืงืจื•ื‘, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืฉื™, ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ืคื ื™ืช. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื›ื ืก ื ืกืขืชื™ ืขื ื”ืคืจื•ืค' ืœื‘ื™"ื— ื’ื•ื ืžื” ืฉืœื™ื“ ื˜ื•ืงื™ื• ื•ื ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืขื ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ื”ื”ืžื˜ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช. ืื™ืฉ ืœื ืฆื™ืคื” ืฉืื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื, ืžื” ื’ื ืฉื‘ื™ืคืŸ ืœื ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ... ืื‘ืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ ื•ื›ืื‘ ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ. ืžื™ื“ ื›ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื” ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ "ื‘ื‘ื™ืช"- - - ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืกื•ื“ ืงืกืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื”. ื”ื•ืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืฆ'ื™ืงื• ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืขื™ืจื•ื™ ืขื ืฆืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™"ื— ื•ื”ื ืžื™ื“ ื–ื™ื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื "ืžืฉืœื”ื". ืฆ'ื™ืงื• ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ ื›ื‘ืŸ 11 ื‘ื›ื™ืกื ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื• ื•ืœื ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืขื ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™. ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื• ื‘ื’'ื™ื‘ืจื™ืฉ - ืฉืคืช ื”ืงืฉืงื•ืฉ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช. ืœืื˜ ื”ืจื™ื ื”ื™ืœื“ ืืช ืจืืฉื• ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืžื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืฉืคื” ืœื ืžื•ื‘ื ืช, ื•ื›ืฉืจืื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืืœื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ืš ื•ืขื ื” ืœื• ื‘ืื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืคื ื™ืช. ืฆ'ื™ืงื• ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื™ืœื“ ื‘ื’'ื™ื‘ืจื™ืฉ (ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช ื‘ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ื™ืคื ื™ื™ื ืฉืงืœื˜ืชื™) ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ื•. ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ืขืฉืข ืžื”ื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•, ืฉื’ื ืœื• ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืื™ื ืคื•ื–ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื• ื•ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ืคื™ื’'ืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™"ื—... ื›ื ืจืื”, ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืื—ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื‘ื•ื‘ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘! ืžืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข, ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฆืคื• ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืกืคืงื ื•ืช ืžื”ืฆื“ ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืฉืื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ ื”ื›ื™ืชื” (ื’ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ "ื›ื™ืชื•ืช" ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืžืื•ืฉืคื–ื™ื) ื•ืื—"ื› ื”ืชื‘ืงืฉืชื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื’ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืžืจื•ืชืงื™ื ืœืžื™ื˜ื•ืช.

ืื—ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช, ื™ืœื“ื” ื›ื‘ืช 12 ื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ืœื•ืงืžื™ื” ื•ื—ื‘ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื›ื•ื‘ืข, ืขืงื‘ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฆ'ื™ืงื• ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื. ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ืงื” ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืื™ื ืคื•ื–ื™ื”, ืืช ืคื ื™ื• ื”ืžืฆื•ืœืงื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืคื™ื’'ืžื” ื•ืฆื—ืงื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื ื•ื›ื— ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ืžื’ื•ื—ืš. ืœืคืชืข ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืชืœื•ืฉ ืืช ืžืขื˜ ืฉืขืจื•ืชื™ื• ืื—ืช ืื—ืช. ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื ื™ื’ืฉื• ืžื™ื“ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืื•ืชื”, ืื•ืœื ืกื™ืžื ืชื™ ืœื”ื ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื•ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืขืกื• ืขืœื™ื”. ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืชืœืฉื” ืœืฆ'ื™ืงื• ื›ื—ืžืฉ ืฉืขืจื•ืช ืžื”"ืฉื•ืจืฉ", ืืกืคื” ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื” ื•ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื” ืœื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื™ื“. ืื—"ื› ื”ืกื‘ืจืชื™ ืœืคืจื•ืค' ืฉื›ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื™ืœื“ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืขืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืขืจ ื›ืœืœ. ืขื•ื“ ื”ืกื‘ืจืชื™ ืฉื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ื‘ื•ื‘ืช ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื™ืช ืืœื "ื‘ื•ื‘ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”", ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื ืœื”ื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ืื• ืœืชืœื•ืฉ ืœื” ืฉื™ืขืจ ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ืขื•ืกื™ื.
ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ื— ื‘ื˜ื•ืงื™ื• ื”ืกืชื‘ืจ ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ื’'ื™ื‘ืจื™ืฉ ื•ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ืžื—ืกื•ื ื”ืฉืคื”. ื”ืคืจื•ืค' ื”ืจื” ืกื™ื›ืžื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืืžืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืจื•ืฆื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื”ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืœืžื“ื” ื•ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื” ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื.

2010, ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื” ื•ืงื ื™ื”

ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืžืฆืœืฆืœ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ, ื•ืงื•ืœื’ื” ืฉืœื™, ื‘ื•ื‘ื ืื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ืฆื™ืขื” ืœื™ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืจืชืงืช ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”. ื ืกืขื ื• ื‘ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื” ื•ืงื ื™ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœ ืงืฉืจื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื“ืข. ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ืจืฆื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจื’ืฉื™ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื•ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
ื”ืชืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื™ื—ืกื ืฉืœ ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื - ื—ืœืงื ืžืžืฉ ืคื—ื“ื• ืžืžื ื™, ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืืœื™ื™ ื›ืฉืžืืŸ ื•ืืžืจื• ืœื™: "ืืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื›ืฉืคื” ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื”". ืœื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืจืชืงืช ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื ืจืงืžื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื• ื•ื‘ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืจืจ. ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืจื“ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ. ื–ื• ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืฉื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืืœื™ื™ ื›ืคื™ืชื•ื ืฉืžืืŸ. (ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื ื›ืฉืžืืŸ) ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืจืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื, ืื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื• ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืื ื™ ืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ืขื ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื.
ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ื”ื”ืงืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืœืื” ื•ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ. ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื•ืฆืืชื™ ืžื”ืชื™ืง ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืžื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืขืœื• ื‘ื”ื ื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช... ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื—ืœืงื ื—ืฉืฉื• ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ืฉืคื” ื”ืžืขืœื” ื‘ืื•ื‘ ืื• ืฉืžืื ื™ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื”. ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื›ืจ ื›ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืชื™ืื˜ืจืœื™ืช, ืœื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžื•ืคืขื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื ืœืฉื ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ื ื ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ืœืืžื ื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”. ื›ืš ืฉื’ื ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื ื—ืฉืคื• ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ ืœืžื•ืคืข ืคื™ืชื•ื ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื• ื‘ืจืชื™ืขื” ื•ื‘ื—ืฉืฉ. ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™ ื‘ื• ื”ื•ืคืขื ื• ืฉืืœ ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื. ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื”ื–ืžื ืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ื•ื‘ื”. ื”ื•ื ื”ืœื‘ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•, ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื” ื•ื—ื™ื›ื”. 
ื›ืฉืฉืืœืชื™ ืœึฐืžื” ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื›ื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ: "ืืฆืœืš ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื”, ืœืžื” ืืฆืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจืช?"
ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืžื•ืœื“ ืืš ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ืžื›ื™ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžืชืŸ, ืœืขืชื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช, ืืš ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืข ืื“ื™ืฉ... ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื ืžืฉืชื ื” ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ื•ืก, ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ืคืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืงืžืื™ื™ื ื”ืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœื›ืฉืคื™ื ื•ืœืžืื’ื™ื”. ื›ืš ืงื•ืจื” ืฉื”ืคื™ืชื•ื ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืืŸ-ืžืจืคื ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ื‘ื“ืจืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ื•ืžื›ืฉืฃ ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืžืจื ื™ื•ืช ืกื’ื•ืจื•ืช.
ื—ืฉืชื™ ืฉื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ืžืื’ื™ื” ื•ืคื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœื’ืขืช, ื–ื”ื• ื ื•ืฉื ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื•ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”. ื”ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ืœืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื, ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžืจืชืงื•ืช, ื—ื™ืœืงื ื• ืœื”ื ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชื ืกื• ื‘ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืžืชืืคืฉืจ ื“ืจื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ืขื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช.   
ื”ืžืงืจื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ื— ื‘ืงื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืฉ ืขื ื›ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืคื ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืืœื™ื• ื›ืžืงืจื” ื”ืงืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื’ื™ื‘ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจ. ืžืื– ื”ืคืฆื™ืขื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ื‘ ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ืื™ืฉ. ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืืœื™ื• ืขื ืฆ'ื™ืงื•, ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื”"ืงืคื•ื" ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•. ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ื•ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ืฆ'ื™ืงื• ื ื’ืข ื‘ื•, ื”ืชืงืจื‘ ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืขื•ื“ ื˜ื™ืคื”, ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืชืื™ื ืขืฆืžื• ืœืžืฆื‘ื• ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“. ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื• ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื. ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžืœื˜ืคืช ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื” - ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื›ื™ื‘ื” - ื™ื“ื• ื”ื—ืœื” ืœื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืฆ'ื™ืงื•. ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืื™ื ืคื•ื–ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฆ'ื™ืงื• ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืฉืœื•, ืืช ื”ืคื™ื’'ืžื”, ืืช ื”ืคืฆืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆ'ื™ืงื•, ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”, ื‘ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืึดืžื•, ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘. 
ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื‘ืง ืืช ืฆ'ื™ืงื•, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืœื ืžื™ืœื™ื, ืืš ืคื ื™ื• ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืกืงืจื ื•ืช. ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ืชืจื’ืฉ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื ืก ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืžื•ืœื - ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœื ืžื’ื™ื‘ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื—ื™ื™ื. ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื” ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ืชืงื‘ืฅ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช. ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืฉื ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื’ื ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื•ื›ืš ื ื‘ื—ืจ "ืืงื•ื ื” ืžื˜ื˜ื”" ืžื”ืกืจื˜ "ืžืœืš ื”ืืจื™ื•ืช". ืฆ'ื™ืงื• ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื” ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื—ืœ ืœืจืงื•ื“ ื•ืœืฉื™ืจ, ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืฉืจื™ื ื•ืจื•ืงื“ื™ื (ื”ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ื‘ืงื ื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื ื”ื›ืชืคื™ื™ื)... ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ื™ื™ืš. ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื•ื”ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžืขื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขื ืขื•ืฆืžื”, ืงืฆื‘, ืกื—ืจื•ืจ... ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœื˜ืจื ืก ื•ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ. ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืฉื”ื“ืจื›ืชื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ื”ื™ื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื” ื ื“ื”ืžื•. ื”ื˜ืงืก ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื”ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื”ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื”ืฉืžืื ื™ื. ื”ื ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ "ื—ื’ื™ื’ื”" ื˜ืงืกื™ืช ืฉื›ื–ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืžืžื•ืกื“. ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืื ื™ ื ืชื ื• ืืช ื”ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ืœื›ืš. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจื’ืฉื™ ืขื ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืื ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช.

ืœื™ืœ ื”-11 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2011, ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื•ื ืืžื™ ื‘ื™ืคืŸ

ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืชืคืกื•ืช ืžื™ืคืŸ ืžืจืฆื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืกืš ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”. ืื ื™ ื ื™ื’ืฉืช ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ ื•ืฉื•ืœื—ืช ื“ื•ื"ืœ ืœืคืจื•ืค' ื”ืจื” ื•ืœืžืจ ื˜ืืงืฉื™. ืžืžืขื˜ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืจื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื” ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืงืฉื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขื ื”ื™ืคื ื™ ื”ืืกื•ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™, ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืขืฆื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื˜ืจืื•ืžื” ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืจื•ืžื– ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืขื–ืจื”. 

ื—ื•ืœืคื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื ื™ ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืืช ืืžื™ ืฉืœืงืชื” ื‘ืžื—ืœื” ืกื•ืคื ื™ืช ืขื“ ืžื•ืชื”. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื™ืฆืจืชื™ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืฉื ื™ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื• ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืื•ืœื ื”ืคืจื•ืค' ืื™ื ื” ืžืกื›ื™ืžื” ืฉื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื™ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื™: "ืืช ื™ืคื ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื•, ืืช ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื›ืืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื•ืชืขืžื“ื™ ื‘ืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ." 

ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืช ืืžื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืฆืืช ืœื“ืจืš. ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ืžื•ืžื ื” ืข"ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ, ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžืŸ ืฆืžื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืคืจื•ืค' ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช ื”ืขื–ืจื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืชื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืึดืชื™. ื ืกื™ืขื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœื ืกื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืืกื•ืŸ, ืฉืชื™ืขืฉื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื›ื ื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ื•ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืคืงื• ืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื™ืคืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ื˜ืจืื•ืžืช ื”ืฆื•ื ืืžื™. ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืื•ืจื’ื ื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืข"ื™ ื”ืคืจื•ืค', ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืœื ืจืง ืœื”ืจืฆื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ืืœื ื’ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืืกื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืื™ืš ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ืขื ื”ืžืฆื‘. 

ืœืžืกืข ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื” ืžืฉื›ื™ืช, ื”ืžื ื”ืœืช ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื‘ื™"ื— ืฉื ื™ื™ื“ืจ, ื‘ืขืœืช ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื˜ืจืื•ืžื”. ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืช ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืคืคื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืืœื™ื”ื ื ื’ื™ืข ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ืš ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื“ื ื• ื‘ื›ืžืืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื• ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืืกื•ืŸ. ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืกืข ืฉืœื ื• ื ื›ืœืœื• ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ืื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื“ืื™ื™ - ืื–ื•ืจ ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื•ืงื“ ื”ืฆื•ื ืืžื™. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืืกื•ืŸ. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื™ืคืŸ ืคืงื“ื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืฉืชื™ ืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช ืื“ืžื”, ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ืœื ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื ื• ืขื ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืžื” ืจืžืช ื”ืงืจื™ื ื” ื‘ื”ื, ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืื ื• ื ื•ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ืžื”ืœื-ื™ื“ื•ืข...
ืืฉืชืฃ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืจื’ืขื™ื ืžืจื’ืฉื™ื ืžืžืกืขื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœื™ืคืŸ (ื‘ืขืฆื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื‘ื”) ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืกืข ื”ืžื˜ืœื˜ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื™.

ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืฆื’ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ ืฆ'ื™ืงื• ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื ื—ืžื“ื” ื‘ื™ืคื ื™ืช ืกื™ืคืจ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื˜ืจืื•ืžื” ื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืื™ืš ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื•ืฉืกื™ืคืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื ืืช ืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื• (ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื‘ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื˜ืจืื•ืžื” ื‘ื™ืคืŸ - ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืœื—ืœื•ืง). ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ื” ืจื‘ื” ืขื“ ืฉืื ืฉื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœื ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ืœืžืจืื” ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื. ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจื•, ืฆื—ืงื•, ื•ืื ื• ืžืฆื“ื ื• ื ืชื ื• ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ื”ืŸ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื”ืŸ ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืฉืืœ ืฆ'ื™ืงื• ื”ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ืื—ืจื™ื•. ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืฉืชืจืจ ืฉืงื˜, ืืฃ ื™ืœื“ ืœื ื”ืชื ื“ื‘... ื•ืื– ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ื™ืœื“ื” ืงื˜ื ื”, ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืืœื™ื ื• ื•ืืžืจื”: "ืื ื™ ืคื—ื“ืชื™ ืžื”ืฆื•ื ืืžื™". ืฉื™ื”ื• (ื”ืžืชืจื’ืžืช) ืชืจื’ืžื” ืœื ื• ื•ืฆ'ื™ืงื• ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ืื—ืจื™ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜. ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื—ืœืฉ, ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื. ืจื’ืข ื–ื” ื ื—ืจื˜ ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื›ืจื’ืข ืžืจื’ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืฉื ื›ื—ื• ื‘ืื•ืœื, ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืื– ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืฆื•ื ืืžื™" ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉืงืจื”. ื’ื ืื ื•, ืฉืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืชืจื’ืœ ื”ื‘ืขืช ืจื’ืฉื•ืช, ื—ืฉื ื• ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืจื’ืข ื•ืจืขื“ื ื• ืžื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื•ืชื” ื™ืœื“ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืื–ืจื” ืื•ืžืฅ ื•ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื‘ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื.

ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื ื• ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืขืงืฉื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื•ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ื™ื“ ืœืฉืชื™ื ื• ื•ืœื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช. ื ื™ื›ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื”ืคึผืจึตื“ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื. ื’ื ืื ื• ื”ืชืงืฉื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ืคืจื“ ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืขื• ื—ื•ื, ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉื—ืง, ืœืงืฉืจ ื•ืœืฉืžื—ืช ื—ื™ื™ื.
ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื ืคืขื ืžืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืžื”ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ืคื’ื™ื ื•. ื”ื™ืขื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื‘ืงืฉืชื ื• ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื”ื ื’ืจืžื” ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืืคืฉืจื™. ื™ืฆืื ื• ืžื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืžืื•ื“. ื”ืื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืžืกืจ? ื”ืื ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื ืขื ืื• ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช?

ื‘ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื•ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืขืจื›ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืœืงื— ืื•ืชื ื• ืžื ื”ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœื• ืฉื ืคื’ืข ื‘ืฆื•ื ืืžื™. ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ืจื’ืขื™ื ืœื ืงืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืฉื™ืชืฃ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ืช ืฉืœื•, ืžืชืืจ ืื™ืš ืฉืžืข ืืช ืื–ืขืงืช ื”ืฆื•ื ืืžื™, ื”ืขืœื” ืืช ื›ืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ืืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื’ื’ ื•ืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืฆืœืช ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžืกื•ืง. ืฉืืœื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ืข ืœืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ื˜ืจืื•ืžื” ืฉืขื‘ืจ, ืžื™ ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื• ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื•ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžืฉื•ื—ื— ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื”. ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื ืžืœืื• ื“ืžืขื•ืช. ืงืฉื” ื”ื™ื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ื—ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืกื•ืช ืฉื ืขืจืžื• ืื—ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืœืฆื“ ื”ืคื—ื“ ื•ื”ื›ืื‘ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื. ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื—ืžืœื” ื•ืงืจื‘ื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ืœืœื ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ื“ืช, ื’ื–ืข ื•ืœืื•ื ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื™ืฉ "ืžื™ืฉื”ื•" ืฉืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื ื•....

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ืœืžื—ืจืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื ื• ื”ืจืฆืื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื™ื•ื. ื”ืงื”ืœ ื›ืœืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื ืคื’ืขื• ืงืฉื” ื‘ืฆื•ื ืืžื™ ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ. ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ืคืจื•ืค' ื”ืจื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืžืจืืฉ ืฉื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืžื•ืคืข ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉืœื™ ื•ืฉืœ ื“"ืจ ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืจื•ืคื ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื™ืชื•ื ื™ืคื ื™. ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื—ืžื•ืช ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื ื• ืฉืจื™ื’ืฉื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช ื›ืื•ืžื ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื. ื”ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื›ื™ืช ื•ืฉืœื™ ืขืœ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื˜ืจืื•ืžื”. ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืงืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื”ืจื‘ื• ืœื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื ื• ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื ื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ื.
ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ื›ื™ ื”ืงื˜ืข ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืค' ื”ืจื”. ื‘ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื›ืฉืขื™ื ื™ื” ื–ื•ืœื’ื•ืช ื“ืžืขื•ืช ืกื™ื›ืžื” ื”ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ, ื•ืžืžื‘ื˜ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืžื“ื ื• ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื•ืžืชืจื’ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื•. ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจื• ื”ื‘ื ื• ื›ื™ ืœื™ืžื“ื ื• ืื•ืชื ืžืฉื”ื• "ืงื˜ืŸ" ืืš ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉื—ื•ื• ื‘ืคืจื˜. ืฉืชื™ื ื• ื ื—ื ืงื ื• ืžื“ืžืขื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ื‘ืง ืื•ืชื.
ื‘ื“ืจื›ื ื• ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉืงืขื ื• ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื ื•. ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืืชื ื• ื ืฆืจื‘ ื‘ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืจื’ืข ืžื›ื•ื ืŸ ืžืฉืœื” ืฉื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื” ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืกื ื“ืื™ื™. ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ืฉื™ื”ื• ื”ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื ื™ืช, ืฉื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ืงืจื” ื•ื‘ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืขืœื” ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ื•ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื”ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื™ืคื ื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœืชืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื• ืืช ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืœื”ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื•"ื›ื•ื—" ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื – ืืš ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืคื ื™ื ื–ื”ื• ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ ื—ื“ืฉ.

ืœืฆื“ ืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช ืื“ืžื” ืงืœื•ืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ ืจืขื™ื“ืช ืื“ืžื” ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ 26 ื”ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืฉื”ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื• ื–ื– ื›ืžื• ืžื’ื“ืœ ืงืœืคื™ื. ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื—ืจืง ื•ื ืข ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื”... ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืจืื• ื›ืžื• ื ืฆื— ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื”ืจืขื™ื“ื”. ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืขื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉื”ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ื, ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœื ืฉื•ื ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”: ืžืชื™ ืืฉื‘ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื–ื”?

ื“ื ื™ืืœื” ื”ื“ืกื™, ื‘ืขืœืช ืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืžื” ืชืจืคื™ื” ื•ืชื•ืืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ. ืคื™ืชื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื™ืฉ ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ), ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืžืื•ืฉืคื–ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ืื•ื ืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื”ืฉืชืœื•ืช ื•ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช .... ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื ื™ื™ื“ืจ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื ื•ืขืจ. ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ื›ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื” ื›ืื•ืžื ื™ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื, ื•ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืจืชืžื” ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ. ืžืจืฆื” ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉืช ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขื•"ืก ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืจืฆืชื” ื•ืขื‘ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืคืŸ, ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ื•ื”ื•ื“ื•... ื•ื‘ื›ื ืก ืจืคื•ืื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืœื™ื” ื‘ื“ื ื‘ืจ ืงื•ืœื•ืจื“ื• ืืจื”"ื‘.

ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื
ื“ืกื”-ืžืกื”, ื., (2004). ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ื‘ื•ื‘ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื ื›ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืžืชืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœ"ืื ื™ ื”ืื—ืจ " ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™. ืชื–ืช ืž.ื. ืฉืœื•ื—ืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืœื–ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื ืชื ื™ื”.
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